Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is usually spread through contaminated food or water. Once Salmonella Typhi bacteria are ingested, they multiply and spread into the bloodstream. Salmonella typhi is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe that belongs to the serogroup D within subspecies I of the genus Salmonella, and […]

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver in which the tissue dies in patches. The condition can range from minor flu like symptoms to liver failure. It is caused by viruses or abuse of alcohol or drugs. Acute Viral Hepatitis At least six viruses appear to cause different forms of acute viral hepatitis: Hepatitis A

BEHAVIOR: – is an observable act. It is defined as any change observed in the functioning of an organism. CLASSIFICATION OF CHILD’S BEHAVIOUR OBSERVED IN DENTAL CLINICS. WILSON’S CLASIFICATION (1933) a) Normal or bold The child is brave enough to face new situations, is co- operative and friendly with the dentist. b) Tasteful or timid:

  Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare, typically highgrade malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of structures that resemble expanded salivary gland ducts. A low-grade variant exists. Incidence rates vary depending upon the study cited. In the AFIP files, salivary duct carcinomas represent only 0.2 per cent of all epithelial salivary gland neoplasms. More than 85 per

Oncocytic carcinoma is a rare, predominantly oncocytic neoplasm whose malignant nature is reflected both by its abnormal morphologic features and infiltrative growth. Bauer and Bauer reported the first case in 1953. Although focal oncocytic features are seen in a wide variety of salivary neoplasms, both benign and malignant oncocytic neoplasms are extremely rare. Clinical Features.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm characterized by large amount of extracellular epithelial mucin that contains cords, nests, and solitary epithelial cells. The incidence is unknown. Limited data indicate that most, if not all, occur in the major salivary glands with the submandibular gland as the predominant site. These tumors may be associated with

Cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart of cystadenoma. It is a rare malignant epithelial tumor characterized histologically by prominent cystic and, frequently, papillary growth but lacking features that characterize cystic variants of several more common salivary gland neoplasms. Clinical Features. Cystadenocarcinoma is considered to be a low-grade neoplasm. Most of the cases, about 65 per cent,

Basa cell adenocarcinoma of salivary glands is an uncommon and recently described entity occurring almost exclusively at the major salivary glands. It is a low grade malignant neoplasm that is cytologically similar to basal cell adenoma, but is infiltrative and has a small potential for metastasis. Clinical Features. In AFIP case files spanning almost 11

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is an uncommon, biphasic low-grade epithelial neoplasm composed of variable proportions of ductal and large, clear-staining, differentiated myoepithelial cells. It comprises approximately 1 per cent of all epithelial salivary gland neoplasms. Clinical Features. This is predominantly a tumor of the parotid gland. In the AFIP case files, the mean age of patients is

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a malignant epithelial tumor that is essentially limited in occurrence to minor salivary gland sites and is characterized by bland, uniform nuclear features; diverse but characteristic architecture; infiltrative growth; and perineural infiltration. This is a recently recognized type of salivary gland tumor first described in 1983. Evans and Batsakis first