It is usually culmination of a long period of chronic periodontitis. Pathogenesis :- It usually occurs in pre-existing periodontal pocket. When such pocket reaches sufficient depth of about 5 to 8 mm, the soft tissues, around the neck of the tooth may approximate the tooth so tightly that orifice of the pocket is occluded. Bacteria […]

An abscess is a localized collection of pus, surrounded by an area of inflamed tissue in which hyperemia and infiltration of leukocytes is marked. Radiographic Features:- Bacteriology Staphylococci are frequently associated with abscess formation. They produce the enzyme called coagulase which causes fibrin deposition and thus helps in walling off the lesion. Coagulase promotes virulence

It is also called as pulp polyp or pulpitis aperta. It is essentially an excessive, exuberant proliferation of chronically inflamed dental pulp tissue. It is a productive pulpal inflammailen due to an extensive carious exposure of a young pulp. It le characterized by the development of granulation tissue, covered at times by epithelium and resufung

It is a persistent inflammatory condition of the pulp, which may be symptomatic or asymptomatic and is caused by a noxious stimulus. Causes :- It is by bacterial involvement of the pulp through caries, although many clinical factors, chemical, thermal or mechanical injury may also be the cause. Clinical features :- In early stages of

Extensive acute inflammation of the tooth dental pulp is a frequent sequel of focal reversible pulpitis of teeth. Causes of Dental acute Pulpitis :- It usually occurs in a tooth with a large carious lesion or a defective restoration dental cavity, where there has been recurrent dental caries. Tooth Pulp exposure due to faulty cavity

It is a mild to moderate inflammatory condition of the dental pulp of teeth caused by noxious stimuli in which the dental pulp is capable of returning to uninflamed state following removal of the stimuli. Causes :- It may be caused by any agent that is capable of injuring the tooth pulp like trauma, disturbed

It is chronic progressive damage or loss of tooth structure due to the action of cells called odontoclasts. It can be physiological as in case of root resorption of deciduous teeth or pathological, which occurs in permanent teeth. Pathological resorption may be external or internal. EXTERNAL RESORPTION :- It is lytic process occurring in the

  Water Fluoridation : Fluoridation is “the upward adjustment of the fluoride ion content of a domestic water supply to the optimum physiologic concentration that will provide maximum protection against dental caries and enhance the appearance of the teeth with a minimum possibility of producing objectionable enamel fluorosis”. Optimum Levels : The optimum fluoride level

  It is the loss of tooth substance by chemical process that does not involve known bacterial action. Dissolution of mineralized tooth structure occurs upon contact with acids. Erosion is a chemical process in which the tooth surface is removed in the absence of plaque. TYPES (DEPENDING UPON ETIOLOGY) :- • Intrinsic erosion that occurs

It is the pathological wearing away of tooth substance through abnormal mechanical process. ETIOLOGY :- -Use of abrasive dentifrices, horizontal toothbrushing, habitual opening of bobby pins. -Holding nails or pins between teeth, e.g. in carpenters, shoemakers or tailors. -Improper use of dental floss and tooth picks. TYPES :- -Toothbrush abrasion-described below. – Habitual abrasion .